On Tuesday, 17 October, the Commerce Department tightened controls over exports of AI-specific semiconductors. This move makes it more challenging for U.S. firms like Nvidia and Intel to market their current products in China or to launch new products as workarounds.
Addressing oversights: This step is designed to mend potential oversights in the export regulations declared last year. Those regulations had been met with notable resistance from the international semiconductor sector and increased strains with Beijing.
The U.S. Semiconductor Industry Association expressed their dissent regarding the regulations. In a statement, the association said, "Excessive, one-sided restrictions jeopardize the U.S. semiconductor infrastructure, failing to boost national security as they drive international clients to seek alternatives."
Chinese representatives have voiced that the U.S.'s semiconductor regulations breach global trading standards and threaten the worldwide chip sector's stability.
Vivek Chilukuri, Senior Fellow at CNAS warned against the illusion that export controls would halt China's technological progress. "The U.S. can slow, but not stop, China's advancements," said Chilukuri. He stressed the importance of domestic initiatives to maintain the U.S. technological lead, including accelerated chip fabrication and immigration reforms
On October 17, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) released a package of rules designed to update export controls on advanced computing semiconductors and semiconductor manufacturing equipment, as well as items that support supercomputing applications and end-uses, to arms embargoed countries, including the PRC, and to place additional related entities in the PRC on the Entity List.
“Export controls are a powerful national security tool, and the updates released today build on our ongoing assessment of the U.S. national security and foreign policy concerns that the PRC’s military-civil fusion and military modernization present,” said Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Alan F. Estevez. “BIS will continue to assess the security environment and technology landscape and will not hesitate to act as appropriate.”
Today’s rules reinforce the October 7, 2022, controls to restrict the PRC’s ability to both purchase and manufacture certain high-end chips critical for military advantage. These updates are necessary to maintain the effectiveness of these controls, close loopholes, and ensure they remain durable.
These controls were strategically crafted to address, among other concerns, the PRC’s efforts to obtain semiconductor manufacturing equipment essential to producing advanced integrated circuits needed for the next generation of advanced weapon systems, as well as high-end advanced computing semiconductors necessary to enable the development and production of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) used in military applications.
Advanced AI capabilities—facilitated by supercomputing, built on advanced semiconductors—present U.S. national security concerns because they can be used to improve the speed and accuracy of military decision making, planning, and logistics. They can also be used for cognitive electronic warfare, radar, signals intelligence, and jamming. These capabilities can also create concerns when they are used to support facial recognition surveillance systems for human rights violations and abuses.
The three rules released today are summarized briefly below. Exporters are encouraged to carefully review the full text of the rules, which make changes to existing provisions of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
Advanced Computing Chips Rule (AC/S IFR):
Text of the rule is available on BIS’s website here [LINK]. Effective date for this rule will be November 16, 2023, and the deadline for public comments is 60 days from the date the rule is put on public display.
The AC/S IFR retains the stringent PRC-wide licensing requirements imposed in the October 7, 2022, rule and makes two categories of updates:
Part 1: Parameter Changes:
Based on public comments, recent technological developments, and analysis of the prior rule’s national security impact, the AC/S IFR removes “interconnect bandwidth” as a parameter for identifying restricted chips. The rule also:
(1) The preexisting performance threshold set in the October 7 rule; or
(2) A new “performance density threshold,” which is designed to preempt future workarounds.
As part of these updates, we are also introducing an exemption that will permit the export of chips for consumer applications.
Part 2: Circumvention Prevention:
Expansion of Export Controls on Semiconductor Manufacturing Items Interim Final Rule (SME IFR):
The text of the rule is available on BIS’s website here [LINK]. Effective dates for this rule are 30 days after public inspection on the Federal Register web site (except the Temporary General License), and the deadline for public comments is 60 days from the date that the rule is put on public inspection.
Text of the rule is available on the Federal Register’s website here [LINK]. Effective date for this rule is October 17, 2023.
Additional Background:
BIS’s actions today were taken under the authority of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and its implementing regulations, the EAR.
Under these authorities, BIS possesses a variety of tools to control the export of U.S.-origin and certain foreign-produced commodities, software, and technology as well as specific activities of U.S. persons, for national security and foreign policy reasons. These tools include issuing federal regulations, as well as using the licensing and regulatory process to take party-specific actions.
Additional information on the October 7, 2022, rules is available on BIS’s Public Information page regarding controls on advanced computing and semiconductor manufacturing equipment controls to the PRC, which will be updated with today’s actions as appropriate: https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/about-bis/newsroom/2082
Additional information on BIS’s approach and regulatory and enforcement activities related to countering the PRC’s military modernization, human rights abuses, and other activities can be found online at:
For more information, please visit BIS’s website at: https://bis.doc.gov
Filed on: 10/18/2023 at 8:45 am Scheduled Pub. Date: 10/25/2023 FR Document: 2023-23049 |
PDF 121 Pages (396 KB) Permalink |
Filed on: 10/18/2023 at 8:45 am Scheduled Pub. Date: 10/25/2023 FR Document: 2023-23055 |
PDF 287 Pages (657 KB) Permalink |
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