Reciprocal Tariffs: So 19th Century

Posted 2/21/25

In an essay for the Council on Foreign Relations, Edward Alden and Jennifer Hillman discuss the Trump administration’s approach to trade reciprocity, recognizing its relevance in global trade policy while warning of its impractical implementation.

They acknowledge that “President Donald Trump is right about reciprocity—a fair balance of tariff concessions among countries has long been integral to U.S. trade policy.” However, they argue that the administration's execution of this principle is flawed, stating that “his administration seems confused about how it works in the real world.”

Alden and Hillman illustrate the risks of a reciprocal tariff regime, referencing historical precedents such as the McKinley Tariff of 1890, which led to economic depression and political backlash.

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